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Constitution Monument in the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. A total of 22 constitutions have been promulgated throughout Haiti's history, [1] before the first constitution, a colonial constitution was promulgated under the short-lived government of then-Governor-General in 1801 Toussaint Louverture, who had become one of the leaders of the revolutionary forces in the Haitian Revolution.
From 1660 to 1804, Haiti, then known as Saint Domingue, was a French colony located on the island of Hispaniola where African slaves were used to work on the plantations that produced tobacco, indigo, cotton, and cacao.
The 1843 Constitution of Haiti was enacted on December 30, 1843, during the administration of Charles Rivière-Hérard. [1]It was the sixth constitution of twenty-two that have been ratified since the Haitian Revolution ended in 1804.
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On 1 January 1804, Dessalines, the new leader under the dictatorial 1801 constitution, declared Haiti a state in the name of the Haitian people. Dessalines' secretary Boisrond-Tonnerre stated, "For our declaration of independence, we should have the skin of a white man for parchment, his skull for an inkwell, his blood for ink, and a bayonet ...
Haiti accepts compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. There is a Supreme Court (Cour de Cassation), assisted by local and civil courts at a communal level. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, is in line to succeed the President in case of death or resignation, according to the 1987 Constitution of Haiti.
The Haitian Constitution of 1987, Haitians’ declaration to break with the dictatorship, enshrines democratic achievements that guarantee their rights and fundamental freedoms.
The Haitian Constitution of 2012 re-legalizes dual citizenship, allowing for Haitians living abroad to own land and run for Haitian political office (except for offices of president, prime minister, senator or member of the lower house of Parliament).