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Constitution Monument in the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. A total of 22 constitutions have been promulgated throughout Haiti's history, [1] before the first constitution, a colonial constitution was promulgated under the short-lived government of then-Governor-General in 1801 Toussaint Louverture, who had become one of the leaders of the revolutionary forces in the Haitian Revolution.
After being proclaimed emperor by the Generals of the Haitian Revolution Army, he held his coronation ceremony on 6 October and took the name Jacques I. The constitution of 20 May 1805 set out the way the empire was to be governed, with the country split into six military divisions. The general of each division corresponded directly with the ...
Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin; French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʒak dɛsalin]; 20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was the first Haitian Emperor, leader of the Haitian Revolution, and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution.
The 1805 Constitution was the first Constitution of the Empire of Haiti and though it had no explicit definitions of nationals, [31] emigration was punishable by death and naturalization in a foreign country was subject to "corporal or disgrace punishments". [34]
On 1 January 1804, Dessalines, the new leader under the dictatorial 1801 constitution, declared Haiti a state in the name of the Haitian people. Dessalines' secretary Boisrond-Tonnerre stated, "For our declaration of independence, we should have the skin of a white man for parchment, his skull for an inkwell, his blood for ink, and a bayonet ...
On 1 January 1804, Dessalines, the new leader under the dictatorial 1805 constitution, declared Haiti a free republic in the name of the Haitian people, [124] which was followed by the massacre of the remaining whites. [125]
With this declaration, Haiti became the first independent Black nation in the Western Hemisphere. [12] [13] Jean-Jacques Dessalines became the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. He was Governor-General of Haiti from January 1st, 1804, to September 2nd, 1804, and Emperor of Haiti from September 2nd, 1804, to October ...
The first Republic of Haiti (French: République d'Haïti; Haitian Creole: Repiblik d Ayiti) controlled the southern portions of Haiti from 1806 until 1820. The republic, commonly referred to as South Haiti during its existence, was created on 17 October 1806, following the assassination of Emperor Jacques I and the overthrow of the First Empire of Haiti.