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Ancestrally, dinosaurs showed approximately 50 caudal vertebrae, although their number, size, and shape varied considerably in the separate groups. The number of caudals decreased along the evolutionary line leading to modern birds; in the latter, the remaining caudals are fused together into a pygostyle.
The mode of Mesozoic dinosaur body masses is between 1 and 10 metric tons (1.1 and 11.0 short tons). [139] This contrasts sharply with the average size of Cenozoic mammals, estimated by the National Museum of Natural History as about 2 to 5 kg (4.4 to 11.0 lb). [140] The sauropods were the largest and heaviest dinosaurs.
Dinosaur classification began in 1842 when Sir Richard Owen placed Iguanodon, Megalosaurus, and Hylaeosaurus in "a distinct tribe or suborder of Saurian Reptiles, for which I would propose the name of Dinosauria." [1] In 1887 and 1888 Harry Seeley divided dinosaurs into the two orders Saurischia and Ornithischia, based on their hip structure. [2]
Size compared to a human. Meraxes is one of the largest theropods, weighing approximately 4.26 metric tons (4.70 short tons). [1] Henderson (2023) listed a body length estimate of 9–10 metres (30–33 ft), referencing Canale et al. (2022), but also estimated a body length of 10.2–11.6 metres (33–38 ft) using the pelvic area. [3]
This category is for pages relating to dinosaur anatomy, such as physical features or parts. For anatomic features which are not possessed solely by dinosaurian groups, (such as the Triceratops neck frill which is also employed by the Frill-necked Lizard ), they may be included if it is fairly evident or common in dinosaur anatomy overall.
Neornithischia ("new ornithischians") is a clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia.It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria.Neornithischians are united by having a thicker layer of asymmetrical enamel on the inside of their lower teeth.
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This is a list of stratigraphic units from which dinosaur body fossils have been recovered. Although Dinosauria is a clade which includes modern birds, this article covers only Mesozoic stratigraphic units. Units listed are all either formation rank or higher (e.g. group).
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