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Hyperbolic space, developed independently by Nikolai Lobachevsky, János Bolyai and Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a geometric space analogous to Euclidean space, but such that Euclid's parallel postulate is no longer assumed to hold. Instead, the parallel postulate is replaced by the following alternative (in two dimensions):
The definition of an hyperbolic space in terms of the Gromov product can be seen as saying that the metric relations between any four points are the same as they would be in a tree, up to the additive constant . More generally the following property shows that any finite subset of an hyperbolic space looks like a finite tree.
In hyperbolic geometry, a horosphere (or parasphere) is a specific hypersurface in hyperbolic n-space. It is the boundary of a horoball, the limit of a sequence of increasing balls sharing (on one side) a tangent hyperplane and its point of tangency. For n = 2 a horosphere is called a horocycle.
Then n-dimensional hyperbolic space is a Riemannian space and distance or length can be defined as the square root of the scalar square. If the signature (+, −, −) is chosen, scalar square between distinct points on the hyperboloid will be negative, so various definitions of basic terms must be adjusted, which can be inconvenient.
Hyperbolic motions are often taken from inversive geometry: these are mappings composed of reflections in a line or a circle (or in a hyperplane or a hypersphere for hyperbolic spaces of more than two dimensions). To distinguish the hyperbolic motions, a particular line or circle is taken as the absolute.
Hyperbolic may refer to: of or pertaining to a hyperbola, a type of smooth curve lying in a plane in mathematics Hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry; Hyperbolic functions, analogues of ordinary trigonometric functions, defined using the hyperbola; of or pertaining to hyperbole, the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure ...
In mathematics, a space form is a complete Riemannian manifold M of constant sectional curvature K. The three most fundamental examples are Euclidean n -space , the n -dimensional sphere , and hyperbolic space , although a space form need not be simply connected .
Hyperbolic 3-manifold; Hyperbolic coordinates; Hyperbolic Dehn surgery; Hyperbolic functions; Hyperbolic group; Hyperbolic law of cosines; Hyperbolic manifold; Hyperbolic metric space; Hyperbolic motion; Hyperbolic space; Hyperbolic tree; Hyperbolic volume; Hyperbolization theorem; Hyperboloid model; Hypercycle (geometry) HyperRogue