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Hypergammaglobulinemia is a condition that is characterized by the increased levels of a certain immunoglobulin in the blood serum. [1] The name of the disorder refers to an excess of proteins after serum protein electrophoresis (found in the gammaglobulin region).
High magnification photomicrograph of a lung biopsy taken showing chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis , showing mild thickening of the walls of the small air sacs by invasion of white blood cells. A multinucleated giant cell , seen within the walls of the air sacs to the right of the picture halfway down, is an important clue to the correct ...
It is characterized by recurrent "cold" staphylococcal infections (due to impaired recruitment of neutrophils), [2] unusual eczema-like skin rashes, severe lung infections that result in pneumatoceles (balloon-like lesions that may be filled with air or pus or scar tissue) and very high (> 2000 IU/mL or 4800 mcg/L) [3] concentrations of the serum antibody IgE.
Evidence shows that there is an association between achieving higher IgG levels and reduced infection frequency. [6] If hypogammaglobulinemia remains undetected and untreated, outcomes are generally poor, especially if chronic lung damage or bronchiectasis has occurred.
The high prevalence of IgA in mucosal areas is a result of a cooperation between plasma cells that produce polymeric IgA (pIgA), and mucosal epithelial cells that express polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). [15] Polymeric IgA (mainly the secretory dimer) is produced by plasma cells in the lamina propria adjacent to mucosal surfaces.
Since the first description of cryoglobulinemia in association with the clinical triad of skin purpura, joint pain, and weakness by Meltzer et al. in 1966, [4] [5] the percentage of cryoglobulinemic diseases described as essential cryoglobulinemia or idiopathic cryoglobulinemia (that is, cryoglobulinemic disease that is unassociated with an underlying disorder) has fallen.
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In the same study, it showed that Bg7S is the protein globulin that is soluble in certain high ionic strength of a salt solution that should have a high isoelectric point as well which should be around 9.05 to 9.26 pI. This type of globulin is found in many different plants such as tomatoes, corn, wheat, and carrots.