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The fixed point iteration x n+1 = cos(x n) with initial value x 0 = −1 converges to the Dottie number. Zero is the only real fixed point of the sine function; in other words the only intersection of the sine function and the identity function is sin ( 0 ) = 0 {\displaystyle \sin(0)=0} .
The third formula shown is the result of solving for a in the quadratic equation a 2 − 2ab cos γ + b 2 − c 2 = 0. This equation can have 2, 1, or 0 positive solutions corresponding to the number of possible triangles given the data. It will have two positive solutions if b sin γ < c < b, only one positive solution if c = b sin γ, and no ...
The expression cos x + i sin x is sometimes abbreviated to cis x. The formula is important because it connects complex numbers and trigonometry. By expanding the left hand side and then comparing the real and imaginary parts under the assumption that x is real, it is possible to derive useful expressions for cos nx and sin nx in terms of cos x ...
Let u, v, and w denote the unit vectors from the center of the sphere to those corners of the triangle. We have u · u = 1, v · w = cos c, u · v = cos a, and u · w = cos b.The vectors u × v and u × w have lengths sin a and sin b respectively and the angle between them is C, so = () = () () =
One can say even more. The circle is a 1-dimensional real manifold, and multiplication and inversion are real-analytic maps on the circle. This gives the circle group the structure of a one-parameter group, an instance of a Lie group. In fact, up to isomorphism, it is the unique 1-dimensional compact, connected Lie group.
A cycloid generated by a rolling circle. In geometry, a cycloid is the curve traced by a point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line without slipping. A cycloid is a specific form of trochoid and is an example of a roulette, a curve generated by a curve rolling on another curve.
The computation of (1 + iπ / N ) N is displayed as the combined effect of N repeated multiplications in the complex plane, with the final point being the actual value of (1 + iπ / N ) N. It can be seen that as N gets larger (1 + iπ / N ) N approaches a limit of −1. Euler's identity asserts that is