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Atatürk's reforms (Turkish: Atatürk İnkılâpları or Atatürk Devrimleri) were a series of political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic policy changes, designed to convert the new Republic of Turkey into a secular nation-state, implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in accordance with the Kemalist framework.
Turkish War of Independence; Part of the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in the aftermath of World War I: Clockwise from top left: Delegation gathered in Sivas Congress to determine the objectives of the Turkish National Movement; Turkish civilians carrying ammunition to the front; Kuva-yi Milliye infantry; Turkish horse cavalry in chase; Turkish Army's capture of Smyrna; troops in Ankara's Ulus ...
A British cartoon of 1923 satirising Atatürk's rule in Turkey. The Conference of Lausanne began on 21 November 1922. Turkey, represented by İsmet İnönü of the GNA, refused any proposal that would compromise Turkish sovereignty, [100] such as the control of Turkish finances, the Capitulations, the Straits and other issues.
In 2022, nearly 100 000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021. [91] As of August 2023, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3 307 882 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 205 894 ...
The Turkish National Movement (Turkish: Millî Hareket), also known as the Anatolian Movement (Turkish: Anadolu Hareketi), the Nationalist Movement (Turkish: Milliyetçi Hareket), and the Kemalists (Turkish: Kemalîler, Kemalciler or Kemalistler), [5] [6] included political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resulted in the creation and shaping of the modern Republic ...
However, the idea of reform did not go beyond the idea of a constitutional monarchy until Atatürk. [citation needed] It was especially possible for the idea of a republic to find the opportunity to develop in the period following the First World War. After the war, empires such as Russia, Germany and Austria were replaced by republican regimes.
This chronology of the Turkish War of Independence (also known as Turkish war of liberation) is a timeline of events during the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923). The timeline also includes the background events starting with the end of the First World War. The events are classified according to the campaigns and parties involved.
Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. 29 October Elected first president. 1928 9 August Speaks at Sarayburnu about the new Turkish alphabet. 1932 12 July Founds the Turkish Linguistic Society (now the Turkish Language Association). [2] 1934 16 June The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passes a law granting him the surname "ATATÜRK". 1938 10 ...