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A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, which is an infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue. [1] Boils are therefore basically pus-filled nodules. [2]
However, in contrast to peripheral breast abscess which often resolves after antibiotics and incision and drainage, subareaolar breast abscess has a tendency to recur, often accompanied by the formation of fistulas leading from inflammation area to the skin surface. In many cases, in particular in patients with recurrent subareolar abscess, the ...
The periareolar glands of Montgomery in the breast are also called Montgomery tubercles or Morgagni tubercles. These periareolar glands are small, papular tissue projections at the edge of the areola (nipple).Obstruction of the Montgomery tubercles may result in an acute inflammation, a clear or light brownish fluid may drain out of the areola (nipple discharge), and an subareolar mass may ...
A carbuncle is a cluster of several boils, which is typically filled with purulent exudate (dead neutrophils, phagocytized bacteria, and other cellular components). [5] Fluid may drain freely from the carbuncle, or intervention involving an incision and drainage procedure may be needed. [ 4 ]
Central duct excision is a standard treatment of in case there is nipple discharge which stems from multiple ducts or cannot be traced back to a single duct. [2] It is also indicated if there is bloody nipple discharge in patients beyond childbearing age.
From the cosmetological point of view, it is an important aesthetic component of the breast which should be taken into consideration during various kinds of breast surgery. [1] [2] Histologically, the inframammary fold is an intrinsic dermal structure consisting of regular arrays of collagen held in place by a specialized superficial fascia ...
Mastitis localized on the underside of the breast, with a large area of inflammation. Lactation mastitis usually affects only one breast and the symptoms can develop quickly. [ 9 ] It develops into three stages, from the initial stage, the pus formation stage, to the restoration stage. [ 10 ]
Fibrocystic breast changes is a condition of the breasts where there may be pain, breast cysts, and breast masses. [1] The breasts may be described as "lumpy" or "doughy". [3] Symptoms may worsen during certain parts of the menstrual cycle due to hormonal stimulation. [1] These are normal breast changes, not associated with cancer. [2]