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Phytoestrogen content varies in different foods, and may vary significantly within the same group of foods (e.g. soy beverages, tofu) depending on processing mechanisms and type of soybean used. Legumes (in particular soybeans), whole grain cereals, and some seeds are high in phytoestrogens.
Isoflavone phytoestrogens - found primarily in soy, peanuts, and other members of the family Fabaceae; Resveratrol - found in the skins of dark-colored grapes, and concentrated in red wine. Pterostilbene - methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, abundant in Vaccinium berries
Although isoflavones and closely-related phytoestrogens are sold as dietary supplements, there is little scientific evidence for either the safety of long-term supplementation or of health benefits from these compounds. [1] Some studies indicate that isoflavone supplementation may help lower the risk of hormone-related cancers. [1] [4]
Alfalfa, like other leguminous crops, is a source of phytoestrogens, [125] including spinasterol, [126] coumestrol, and coumestan. [127] Because of this, grazing on alfalfa during breeding can cause reduced fertility in sheep and in dairy cattle if not effectively managed.
Melilotus officinalis can be an annual or biennial plant, and is 120–180 centimetres (4–6 ft) high at maturity. [3] Leaves alternate on the stem and possess three leaflets.
Isoflavonoids and their derivatives are sometimes referred to as phytoestrogens, as many isoflavonoid compounds have biological effects via the estrogen receptor. Medically, isoflavonoids and related compounds have been used in many dietary supplements but the medical and scientific community [who?] is generally skeptical of their use.
Isoflavones (phytoestrogens) use the 3-phenylchromen-4-one skeleton (with no hydroxyl group substitution on carbon at position 2). Daidzein (formononetin) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, kudzu, other legumes. Genistein (biochanin A) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes. Glycitein soy. Isoflavanes
Coumestrol and other phytoestrogens have been shown to have an effect on sexual behavior in rats by antagonizing the action of estrogen within the brain; male rats that nursed from females with coumestrol in their diets were both less likely to mount a female rat and less likely to ejaculate, despite producing normal levels of testosterone ...
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