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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
This is a common cause of chest pain. [5] Severe trauma may lead to fracture of the costal cartilage. [6] Such injuries often go unnoticed during x-ray scans, but can be diagnosed with CT scans. [6] Surgery is typically used to fix the costal cartilage back onto either the rib or sternum. [6]
In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [4] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain, difficulty swallowing [5] [6] or even dyspnea. [7]
Physical examination consists of gentle pressure to the chest wall with a single finger to identify the location of the discomfort. [2] Swelling and tenderness upon palpation at one or more of the costochondral, sternocostal, or sternoclavicular joints, is a distinctive trait of Tietze syndrome and is considered a positive diagnosis when found ...
Rachitic rosary on chest radiograph The prominent knobs of bone at the costochondral joints of rickets patients are known as a rachitic rosary or beading of the ribs . The knobs create the appearance of large beads under the skin of the rib cage , hence the name by analogy with the beads of a Catholic Christian rosary .
Costochondritis is a common cause of chest pain, consisting of up to 30% of chest pain complaints in emergency departments. The pain is typically diffused with the upper costochondral or sternocostal junctions most frequently involved, unlike slipping rib syndrome, which involves the lower rib cage.
Lesions might be more severe and widespread, or they can develop gradually and show no symptoms. The nodules may cause pain and hinder function in addition to having a variety of sizes and shapes. The underlying condition determines the localization of the lesions in dystrophic calcification.
Coin lesion; Collar button ulcer; Colon cut-off sign; Comb sign; Comet sign; Comet tail sign (CT thorax) Coned epiphyses; Continuous diaphragm sign; Copula sign; Cord sign; Corduroy sign; Corkscrew oesophagus; Corkscrew sign; Cortical ring sign; Cottage loaf sign; Cotton wool appearance; Crazy paving sign; Crescent sign; Crowded carpal sign ...