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The name of Athens, connected to the name of its patron goddess Athena, originates from an earlier Pre-Greek language. [1] The origin myth explaining how Athens acquired this name through the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena was described by Herodotus, [2] Apollodorus, [3] Ovid, Plutarch, [4] Pausanias and others.
The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles. In the classical period , Athens was a centre for the arts, learning, and philosophy , the home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates , Plato, Pericles , Aristophanes , Sophocles , and ...
The Acropolis of Athens (Ancient Greek: ἡ Ἀκρόπολις τῶν Ἀθηνῶν, romanized: hē Akropolis tōn Athēnōn; Modern Greek: Ακρόπολη Αθηνών, romanized: Akrópoli Athinón) is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens, Greece, and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historical significance ...
The oldest known human presence in Athens is the Cave of Schist, which has been dated to between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. [33] Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 5,000 years (3000 BC).
The Acropolis at Athens (1846) by Leo von Klenze.Athena's name probably comes from the name of the city of Athens. [4] [5]Athena is associated with the city of Athens. [4] [6] The name of the city in ancient Greek is Ἀθῆναι (Athȇnai), a plural toponym, designating the place where—according to myth—she presided over the Athenai, a sisterhood devoted to her worship. [5]
Ancient Greek critics of Athenian democracy include Thucydides the general and historian, Aristophanes the playwright, Plato the pupil of Socrates, Aristotle the pupil of Plato, and a writer known as the Old Oligarch. While modern critics are more likely to find fault with the restrictive qualifications for political involvement, these ancients ...
The early Athenian tradition, followed by the 3rd century BC Parian Chronicle, made Cecrops, a mythical half-man half-serpent, the first king of Athens. [5] The dates for the following kings were conjectured centuries later, by historians of the Hellenistic era who tried to backdate events by cross-referencing earlier sources such as the Parian Chronicle.
Elpinice – Athenian noblewoman and daughter of Miltiades, known for confronting Pericles twice. Empedocles – philosopher; Entimus (Ἔντιμος) – one of the founders of the city of Gela [2] Entochus – sculptor; Epaminondas – Theban general; Epaphroditus of Chaeronea – scholar; Ephialtes – Athenian statesman; Ephialtes of ...