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American Foundation for the Blind (1921) – primarily serves the blind population and focuses on advocacy and services. The Arc of the United States – A national organization serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. ARC Association for Real Change (1976) – supports the providers of the individuals with learning ...
Special education (also known as special-needs education, aided education, alternative provision, exceptional student education, special ed., SDC, and SPED) is the practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs.
Emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; also known as behavioral and emotional disorders) [1] [2] refer to a disability classification used in educational settings that allows educational institutions to provide special education and related services to students who have displayed poor social and/or academic progress.
The LRE requirement is intended to prevent unnecessary segregation of students with disabilities and is based on Congress' finding students with disabilities tend to have more success when they remain with or have access to typical peers. More students with disabilities are being educated in regular education classrooms.
Schools are required to find students with disabilities within their jurisdiction and refer those students for services (often called "child find" obligations). [21] [22] [23] Students are entitled to assessments to determine whether they have disabilities. [21] Students with disabilities must have Individualized Education Plans, or IEPs. [21]
Supported employment was developed in the United States in the 1970s as part of both vocational rehabilitation (VR) services (e.g., NYS Office of Vocational Services, 1978) and the advocacy for long term services and supports (LTSS) for individuals with significant disabilities in competitive job placements in integrated settings (e.g., businesses, offices, manufacturing facilities).
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The types of special needs vary in severity, and a student with a special need is classified as being a severe case when the student's IQ is between 20 and 35. [1] These students typically need assistance in school, and have different services provided for them to succeed in a different setting. [2] [3]