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Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) The concept of the zone of proximal development was originally developed by Vygotsky to argue against the use of academic, knowledge-based tests as a means to gauge students' intelligence. He also created ZPD to further develop Jean Piaget's theory of children being lone and autonomous learners. [4]
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (Russian: Лев Семёнович Выготский, [vɨˈɡotskʲɪj]; Belarusian: Леў Сямёнавіч Выгоцкі; November 17 [O.S. November 5] 1896 – June 11, 1934) was a Russian and Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory.
Vygotsky also believed that social and cultural factors contributed heavily to cognitive development. [11] Vygotsky argued that development first takes place socially as infants observe their parent's behaviour and try to imitate it. As this imitation occurs, parents will guide their children, correcting them and provide challenges for them.
Vygotksy’s work was based on the ideology that “...cognitive development stems from social interactions from guided learning within the zone of proximal development as children and their partner's co-construct knowledge.” [9] Vygotsky believed in the ideology that we know as co-construction, or building an environment where children ...
Lev Vygotsky's theory is based on social learning as the most important aspect of cognitive development. In Vygotsky's theory, [16] adults are very important for young children's development. They help children learn through mediation, which is modeling and explaining concepts.
The ideas on the zone of development were later developed in a number of psychological and educational theories and practices. Most notably, they were developed under the banner of dynamic assessment that focuses on the testing of learning and developmental potential [8] [9] [10] (for instance, in the work of H. Carl Haywood and Reuven Feuerstein).
The psychology of learning refers to theories and research on how individuals learn. There are many theories of learning. Some take on a more behaviorist approach which focuses on inputs and reinforcements. [1] [2] [3] Other approaches, such as neuroscience and social cognition, focus more on how the brain's organization and structure influence ...
[1] [2] [3] Children have been observed engaging in private speech between the ages of two and seven. [1] [2] [3] Although it is audible, it is neither intended for nor directed at others. [4] [5] Private speech was first studied by Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget. In the past 30 years private speech has received renewed attention from researchers ...