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Matching pennies is a non-cooperative game studied in game theory. It is played between two players, Even and Odd. Each player has a penny and must secretly turn the penny to heads or tails. The players then reveal their choices simultaneously. If the pennies match (both heads or both tails), then Even wins and keeps both pennies.
Mentions of the game date back to the 18th century. [3] The rules of the game were described in the 19th century as follows: Each competitor starts with the same number of coins. They pitch their coins one at a time from a mark at a given distance towards a hole in the ground. The competitors are ranked based on how close they come to the hole.
In a simultaneous game, players will make their moves simultaneously, determine the outcome of the game and receive their payoffs. The most common representation of a simultaneous game is normal form (matrix form). For a 2 player game; one player selects a row and the other player selects a column at the exact same time.
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Outside view of the two-up shed in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Two original 1915 Australian pennies in a kip from which they are tossed. 1915 is significant as the year of the Gallipoli campaign which is remembered annually on Anzac Day Australian soldiers playing two-up during World War I at the front near Ypres, 23 December 1917 Painting of two-up game.
Penney's game, named after its inventor Walter Penney, is a binary (head/tail) sequence generating game between two players. Player A selects a sequence of heads and tails (of length 3 or larger), and shows this sequence to player B. Player B then selects another sequence of heads and tails of the same length.
Matching pennies - a game of chance, using coins instead of fingers. Rock paper scissors - a hand-game of chance, in which each player has three options. Spoof (game) - a game of chance, in which each player has to guess the total number of coins held by all players. Horsengoggle - a hand-game of chance, used to select a single person from a group.
Each player conceals and then reveals a number of coins in their hand. Spoof is a strategy game, typically played as a gambling game, often in bars and pubs where the loser buys the other participants a round of drinks. [1] The exact origin of the game is unknown, but one scholarly paper addressed it, and more general n-coin games, in 1959. [2]