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A voussoir (/ v u ˈ s w ɑːr /) is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault. [1] Although each unit in an arch or vault is a voussoir, two units are of distinct functional importance: the keystone and the springer. The keystone is the centre stone or masonry unit at the apex of an arch.
Colorado Street Bridge, an example of a false skew arch. The strength of a regular arch (also known as a "square" or "right" arch) comes from the fact that the mass of the structure and its superincumbent load cause lines of force that are carried by the stones into the ground and the abutments without producing any tendency for the stones to slide with respect to one another.
The keystone (shown in red) of an arch Dropped keystone at Colditz Castle. A keystone (or capstone) is the wedge-shaped stone at the apex of a masonry arch or typically round-shaped one at the apex of a vault. In both cases it is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch or vault to ...
An unreinforced concrete arch is technically a masonry arch that use only very small stones, that is the aggregate of the concrete, sand and gravel. Such an arch would not stand without mortar. Some modern bridges are built masonry style with precast concrete blocks, like Gladesville Bridge that has a span of 305 metres (1000 ft). These types ...
Rossgraben bridge (Rüeggisberg) near Bern, Switzerland, showing the hinge at mid-span of this three-hinged arch. The practical arch bridges are built either as a fixed arch, a two-hinged arch, or a three-hinged arch. [103] The fixed arch is most often used in reinforced concrete bridges and tunnels, which have short spans.
Starrucca Viaduct is a stone arch bridge that spans Starrucca Creek near Lanesboro, Pennsylvania, in the United States.Completed in 1848 at a cost of $320,000 (equal to $11,629,538 today), it was at the time the world's largest stone railway viaduct and was thought to be the most expensive railway bridge as well.
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports.
Thomas Viaduct of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad as an example of a basket handle arch. Engineering drawing of the Arches at Thomas Viaduct in Relay, Maryland. This Basket-handle arch stone bridge with three centers [6] is divided into eight spans. The bridge deck is 26' wide, broad enough to hold a double track.