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A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. [1] In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. [2] Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines that were defined by Renaissance scientists: [3] [4 ...
A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. [1] Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organizations (like cities), an ecosystem, a living cell, and, ultimately, for ...
A computational model uses computer programs to simulate and study complex systems [1] using an algorithmic or mechanistic approach and is widely used in a diverse range of fields spanning from physics, [2] engineering, [3] chemistry [4] and biology [5] to economics, psychology, cognitive science and computer science.
In the case of complex systems, information fluctuation complexity was designed so as not to measure randomness as complex and has been useful in many applications. More recently, a complexity metric was developed for images that can avoid measuring noise as complex by using the minimum description length principle. [19]
Figure 5: Translation of mRNA (1) by a ribosome (2)(shown as small and large subunits) into a polypeptide chain (3). The ribosome begins at the start codon of RNA (AUG) and ends at the stop codon (UAG). In Figure 5, both ribosomal subunits (small and large) assemble at the start codon (towards the 5' end of the mRNA).
The Federal Aviation Administration is reporting a record number of flights for Thanksgiving week this year. There were over 232,000 flights across the U.S. between Nov. 24 and 28, the FAA said ...
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Complex mechanical devices are known to have existed in Hellenistic Greece, though the only surviving example is the Antikythera mechanism, the earliest known analog computer. [12] The clockwork is thought to have come originally from Rhodes , where there was apparently a tradition of mechanical engineering; the island was renowned for its ...