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In Euclidean geometry, the AA postulate states that two triangles are similar if they have two corresponding angles congruent. The AA postulate follows from the fact that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always equal to 180°. By knowing two angles, such as 32° and 64° degrees, we know that the next angle is 84°, because 180 ...
A similarity (also called a similarity transformation or similitude) of a Euclidean space is a bijection f from the space onto itself that multiplies all distances by the same positive real number r, so that for any two points x and y we have ((), ()) = (,), where d(x,y) is the Euclidean distance from x to y. [16]
Two similar matrices represent the same linear map, but with respect to a different basis; unitary equivalence corresponds to a change from an orthonormal basis to another orthonormal basis. If A and B are unitarily equivalent, then tr AA* = tr BB*, where tr denotes the trace (in other words, the Frobenius norm is a unitary
In most systems of axioms, the three criteria – SAS, SSS and ASA – are established as theorems. In the School Mathematics Study Group system SAS is taken as one (#15) of 22 postulates. AAS (angle-angle-side): If two pairs of angles of two triangles are equal in measurement, and a pair of corresponding non-included sides are equal in length ...
The following criteria are required to achieve similitude; Geometric similarity – the model is the same shape as the application, usually scaled. Kinematic similarity – fluid flow of both the model and real application must undergo similar time rates of change motions. (fluid streamlines are similar)
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Similarity is an equivalence relation on the space of square matrices. Because matrices are similar if and only if they represent the same linear operator with respect to (possibly) different bases, similar matrices share all properties of their shared underlying operator: Rank; Characteristic polynomial, and attributes that can be derived from it:
The fundamental fact about diagonalizable maps and matrices is expressed by the following: An matrix over a field is diagonalizable if and only if the sum of the dimensions of its eigenspaces is equal to , which is the case if and only if there exists a basis of consisting of eigenvectors of .