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The 2009 swine flu pandemic, caused by the H1N1/swine flu/influenza virus and declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) from June 2009 to August 2010, was the third recent flu pandemic involving the H1N1 virus (the first being the 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic and the second being the 1977 Russian flu).
A follow-up study done in September 2010 showed that the risk of serious illness resulting from the 2009 H1N1 flu was no higher than that of the yearly seasonal flu. [120] For comparison, the CDC estimates the global H1N1 death toll at 284,000 and the WHO estimates that 250,000 to 500,000 people die of seasonal flu annually. [121]
The first confirmed death from swine flu in Utah, of a 21-year-old man, was reported on May 20, 2009. [384] On June 16, 2009, the number of reported deaths from Swine flu in Utah reached six. All six deaths had occurred in Salt Lake County. [385]
Direct transmission of a swine flu virus from pigs to humans is possible (zoonotic swine flu). [12] Fifty cases are known to have occurred since the first report in medical literature in 1958, which have resulted in a total of six deaths. [ 13 ]
On 29 April, the US had its first confirmed death, [316] and on 5 May the first US citizen died from swine flu. [317] On 6 June, there were 17 confirmed deaths from swine flu in the US. [318] By mid-May 2009 many states had abandoned testing unless serious illness and/or hospitalization were present. [319]
In 2009, H1N1 caused the first global flu pandemic in 40 years, with the first infections detected in California. More than 12,000 people died around the US, and nearly 61,000 people were infected.
In 1976, an outbreak of the swine flu, influenza A virus subtype H1N1 at Fort Dix, New Jersey caused one death, hospitalized 13, and led to a mass immunization program. After the program began, the vaccine was associated with an increase in reports of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), which can cause paralysis, respiratory arrest, and death.
On May 19, 2009, a St. Louis County man became the first death in Missouri due to the Swine Flu. As of mid-May 2009 many states had abandoned testing for likely influenza cases unless serious illness and/or hospitalization were present. [ 32 ]