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Cardiac abnormalities - Cardiac enlargement or anomalies, vascular abnormalities, or any other radiographically apparent cardiovascular abnormality of significant nature to require follow-up. Pulmonary abnormalities - Pulmonary finding of a non-TB nature, such as a mass, that needs follow-up.
A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules.
The same method of assessment and the same technique should be used to characterize each identified and reported lesion at baseline and during follow-up. Clinical lesions will only be considered measurable when they are superficial (e.g., skin nodules and palpable lymph nodes).
According to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Non-Invasive Staging Guidelines for Lung Cancer (2007), [26] the pooled sensitivity and specificity of CT scanning for identifying mediastinal lymph node metastasis are 51% and 85%, respectively and for PET scanning 74% (95% CI, 69 to 79%) and 85% (95% CI, 82 to 88%), respectively. In ...
Pulmonary function: increased residual volume, increased total lung capacity, fixed obstruction, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume; High-resolution CT scan: diffuse pulmonary nodules 4–10 mm, greater than 20 nodules, mosaic attenuation or air trapping in greater than 50% of the lung
The criteria for diagnosing pulmonary adenocarcinoma have changed considerably over time. [10] [11] The 2011 IASLC/ATS recommendations, adopted in the 2015 WHO guidelines, use the following criteria for adenocarcinoma in situ: [12] tumor ≤3 cm; solitary tumor; pure "lepidic" growth* [13] No stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion
However, the results from the Mayo Lung Project and the Hopkins and Memorial Sloan-Kettering studies were eventually discredited, due to failure to account for lead time and length time bias. Since none demonstrated reduced lung cancer incidence or mortality between randomized groups, chest x-ray was determined to be an ineffective screening tool.
If the hormonal evaluation is negative and imaging suggests benign lesion, follow up may be considered. Imaging at 6, 12, and 24 months and repeat hormonal evaluation yearly for 4 years is often recommended, [ 6 ] but there exists controversy about harm/benefit of such screening as there is a high subsequent false-positive rate (about 50:1) and ...
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