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British Standard Pipe (BSP) is a set of technical standards for screw threads that has been adopted internationally for interconnecting and sealing pipes and fittings by mating an external thread with an internal (female) thread.
A JIC bulkhead adapter, which converts National Pipe Thread (NPT) on the left to JIC on the right. The angled seating surface is clearly visible on the far right. JIC fittings, defined by the SAE J514 and MIL-DTL-18866 standards, are a type of flare fitting machined with a 37-degree flare seating surface.
Examples of adapters include one end BSP threaded with the other NPT threaded, and one end threaded with the other a plain socket for brazing. A coupling whose ends use the same connection method but are of different sizes is called a reducing coupling or reducer. An example is a 3/4" NPT to 1/2" NPT coupling.
The types are named with a full name and an abbreviation, such as NPT, NPS, NPTF, or NPSC. MIP is an abbreviation for male iron pipe, and FIP is an abbreviation for female iron pipe. [2] Outside North America, some US pipe thread sizes are widely used, as well as many British Standard Pipe threads and ISO 7–1, 7–2, 228–1, and 228-2 threads.
A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect sections of pipe (designated by nominal size, with greater tolerances of variance) or tube (designated by actual size, with lower tolerance for variance), adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating (or measuring) fluid flow.
The key standard is ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 "Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)". Table 2 of that reference calls for 3 threads of make-up from hand-tight for pipes 2" and under (nominal), and 2 threads for pipes with nominal sizes over 2 inches. --WaldorfSalad 19:40, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
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