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A lunar day is the time it takes for Earth's Moon to complete on its axis one synodic rotation, meaning with respect to the Sun. Informally, a lunar day and a lunar night is each approximately 14 Earth days. The formal lunar day is therefore the time of a full lunar day-night cycle.
The long lunar night would impede reliance on solar power and require that a facility exposed to the sunlit equatorial surface be designed to withstand large temperature extremes (about 95 K (−178.2 °C) to about 400 K (127 °C)).
In astronomy, a lunar fortnight is half a lunar synodic month, which is equivalent to the mean period between a full moon and a new moon (and vice versa). This is equal to 14.07 days. [3] [4] It gives rise to a lunar fortnightly tidal constituent (see: Long-period tides).
Timekeeping on the Moon is an issue of synchronized human activity on the Moon and contact with such. The two main differences to timekeeping on Earth are the length of a day on the Moon, being the lunar day or lunar month, observable from Earth as the lunar phases, and the rate at which time progresses, with 24 hours on the Moon being 58.7 microseconds (0.0000587 seconds) faster, [1 ...
The "seasons" on the Moon fit into this period. For about half of this draconic year, the Sun is north of the lunar equator (but at most 1.543°), and for the other half, it is south of the lunar equator. The effect of these seasons, however, is minor compared to the difference between lunar night and lunar day.
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In lunar calendars, a lunar month is the time between two successive syzygies of the same type: new moons or full moons. The precise definition varies, especially for the beginning of the month. Animation of the Moon as it cycles through its phases, as seen from the Northern Hemisphere. The apparent wobbling of the Moon is known as libration.
The concept of karaṇa has originated in this division of the lunar day. Later, when the concept of tithi got established, the concepts of the lunar day time and lunar night time got replaced by the modern artificial concept of half-tithi-s. The works of the Vedāṅga period - Atharva Jyotiṣa and Ṛk-pariśiṣṭa mention the karaṇa-s.