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Thus the upper arm in humans is proximal and the hand is distal. "Proximal and distal" are frequently used when describing appendages, such as fins, tentacles, and limbs. Although the direction indicated by "proximal" and "distal" is always respectively towards or away from the point of attachment, a given structure can be either proximal or ...
Standard terms used throughout anatomy include anterior / posterior for the front and back of a structure, superior / inferior for above and below, medial / lateral for structures close to and away from the midline respectively, and proximal / distal for structures close to and far away from a set point.
Proximal and distal, which describe a position that is closer to (proximal) or farther from (distal) the trunk of the body. [1] For example, the shoulder is proximal to the arm, and the foot is distal to the knee. Superficial and deep, which describe structures that are closer to (superficial) or farther from (deep) the surface of the body.
Bone feature Definition Etymologic memory aid; apophysis: Any of various processes or protuberances on a bone. apo-+ physis, "outward from the growth part; outgrowth" diaphysis: The long, relatively straight main body of a long bone; region of primary ossification. Also known as the shaft. dia-+ physis, "between the growth parts" epiphysis
Anatomically, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are very similar. There are some minor differences in how the palmar plates are attached proximally and in the segmentation of the flexor tendon sheath, but the major differences are the smaller dimension and reduced mobility of the distal joint.
The middle are remarkably small and short, but rather broader than the proximal. The distal phalanges, as compared with the distal phalanges of the finger, are smaller and are flattened from above downward; each presents a broad base for articulation with the corresponding bone of the second row, and an expanded distal extremity for the support ...
The distal part of the upper limb between the elbow and the radiocarpal joint (wrist joint) is known as the forearm or "lower" arm, and the extremity beyond the wrist is the hand. By anatomical definitions, the bones , ligaments and skeletal muscles of the shoulder girdle , as well as the axilla between them, are considered parts of the upper ...
The distal pad of the human thumb is divided into a proximal and a distal compartment, the former more deformable than the latter, which allows the thumb pad to mold around an object. [9] In robotics, almost all robotic hands have a long and strong opposable thumb. Like human hands, the thumb of a robotic hand also plays a key role in gripping ...