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Sulfamethoxazole is primarily renally excreted via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. [8] About 20% of the sulfamethoxazole in urine is the unchanged drug, about 15–20% is the N-glucuronide conjugate, and about 50–70 % is the acetylated metabolite. [11] Sulfamethoxazole is also excreted in human milk. [8]
The effects of trimethoprim causes a backlog of dihydrofolate (DHF) and this backlog can work against the inhibitory effect the drug has on tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis. This is where the sulfamethoxazole comes in; its role is in depleting the excess DHF by preventing it from being synthesised in the first place. [14]
Sulfamethoxazole is an antibacterial sulfonamide. Sulfonamide is a functional group (a part of a molecule ) that is the basis of several groups of drugs , which are called sulphonamides , sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs .
Numerous (especially when in combination with the sulfonamide, sulfamethoxazole); treatment & prophylaxis for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, malaria and toxoplasmosis. Treatment of melioidosis , shigellosis , listeria , urinary tract infections , acute infectious exacerbations of chronic bronchitis , infection prophylaxis in HIV-positive ...
The production of a β-lactamase by a bacterium does not necessarily rule out all treatment options with β-lactam antibiotics. In some instances, β-lactam antibiotics may be co-administered with a β-lactamase inhibitor. For example, Augmentin (FGP) is made of amoxicillin (a β-lactam antibiotic) and clavulanic acid (a β-lactamase inhibitor).
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Sulfamethoxazole: Gantanol Sulfanilimide (archaic) Sulfasalazine: Azulfidine Sulfisoxazole: Gantrisin Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole) Bactrim, Septra Sulfonamidochrysoidine (archaic) Prontosil: Tetracyclines(Bs) Demeclocycline: Declomycin
And the 5% strength seems to be more effective than minoxidil 2%. (Learn more about How Long Does Minoxidil Take to Work?.) What the Research Says. A 2002 study compared 5% and 2% minoxidil ...