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[15] [4] In the United States it is the most common cause of cancer and death from cancer among children. [2] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is notable for being the first disseminated cancer to be cured. [16] Survival for children increased from under 10% in the 1960s to 90% in 2015. [2] Survival rates remain lower for babies (50%) [17] and ...
In childhood, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients can expect a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 80%. [1] Among the approximately 25% of children who relapse, survival rates drop to 30-50%, with patients generally showing a much poorer prognosis. [1]
There are multiple forms of leukemia that occur in children, the most common being acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [2] Survival rates vary depending on the type of leukemia, but may be as high as 90% in ALL. [3] Leukemia is a hematological malignancy or a cancer of the blood.
Enrolled participants were required to have relapsed following a remission lasting twelve months or less, relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia following two or more prior lines of systemic therapy, or disease that was relapsed or refractory three or more months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. [2] [4]
For example, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may have better outcomes if they are treated with pediatric treatment protocols rather than adult treatment protocols. The 5-year survival rates for 15- to 19-year-olds with ALL has risen to 74% as of 2007–2013, from survival rates of around 50% in the early 1990s.
It has been determined that the prognosis of hypodiploid is much worse than standard acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [1] The lower the chromosome count, the lower the survival rate. In a study documented by the American Society of Hematology 17 of 27 patients relapsed, which indicates poor treatment responsiveness of hypodiploid ALL. [2]
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells [1] [2] [3] caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (). [4] All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. [4]
Mitoxantrone is used to treat certain types of cancer, mostly acute myeloid leukemia. It improves the survival rate of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse. [2] The combination of mitoxantrone and prednisone is approved as a second-line treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.