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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is notable for being the first disseminated cancer to be cured. [16] Survival for children increased from under 10% in the 1960s to 90% in 2015. [2] Survival rates remain lower for babies (50%) [17] and adults (35%). [8]
In childhood, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients can expect a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 80%. [1] Among the approximately 25% of children who relapse, survival rates drop to 30-50%, with patients generally showing a much poorer prognosis. [1]
Enrolled participants were required to have relapsed following a remission lasting twelve months or less, relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia following two or more prior lines of systemic therapy, or disease that was relapsed or refractory three or more months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. [2] [4]
The 5-year survival rate for children with leukemia is 83.6% in the USA. This means that 83.6% of children diagnosed with leukemia live for 5 years or more after their diagnosis. This is greatly improved from a 5-year survival rate of 36.5% in 1975. The improvement is largely attributed to advances in therapy, particularly therapy for ALL.
For example, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may have better outcomes if they are treated with pediatric treatment protocols rather than adult treatment protocols. The 5-year survival rates for 15- to 19-year-olds with ALL has risen to 74% as of 2007–2013, from survival rates of around 50% in the early 1990s.
Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia is a form of lymphoid leukemia in which too many B-cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is sometimes additionally classified as a lymphoma, as designated leukemia/lymphoma. ALL is the ...
It has been determined that the prognosis of hypodiploid is much worse than standard acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [1] The lower the chromosome count, the lower the survival rate. In a study documented by the American Society of Hematology 17 of 27 patients relapsed, which indicates poor treatment responsiveness of hypodiploid ALL. [2]
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells [1] [2] [3] caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (). [4] All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. [4]