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The Black Hills, the United States' oldest mountain range, [11] is 125 miles (201 km) long and 65 miles (105 km) wide stretching across South Dakota and Wyoming. [12] The Black Hills derived its name from the black image that is produced by the "thick forest of pine and spruce trees" that covers the hills and was given the name by the Native Americans belonging to the Lakota (Sioux). [13]
American Indian tribes have a long history in the Black Hills and consider it a sacred site. [9] After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took the territory of the Black Hills, which became central to their culture.
The cause of the war was the desire of the US government to obtain ownership of the Black Hills. Gold had been discovered in the Black Hills, settlers began to encroach onto Native American lands, and the Sioux and the Cheyenne refused to cede ownership. Traditionally, American military and historians place the Lakota at the center of the story ...
The memorial master plan includes the mountain carving monument, a Native American Museum of North America, and a Native American Cultural Center. The monument is being carved out of Thunderhead Mountain, on land considered sacred by some Oglala Lakota, between Custer and Hill City, roughly 17 miles (27 km) from Mount Rushmore. [4]
Considering the Black Hills sacred and illegally taken, in the 20th century, the Lakota pursued a suit against the US government for the return of the land. In the 1980 United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the land had been taken illegally. The US government offered financial compensation ...
Chief Seattle was the first Native American leader to sign the Point Elliot Treaty, which was an agreement between the U.S. government and the Native Americans to give the U.S. government land ...
General William T. Sherman (third from left) and Commissioners in council with chiefs and headmen, Fort Laramie, 1868 Signed April 29 – November 6, 1868 [a] Location Fort Laramie, Wyoming Negotiators Indian Peace Commission Signatories United States Brulé Oglala Arapaho Miniconjou Yanktonai Ratifiers US Senate Language English Full text Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 at Wikisource The Treaty ...
A Native American-led nonprofit has announced that it purchased nearly 40 acres (16.2 hectares) of land in the Black Hills of South Dakota amid a growing movement that seeks to return land to ...