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It is eight times more common in females than males and often occurs in young females, around 20 to 40 years of age. [citation needed] Toxic thyroid adenoma (the most common cause in Switzerland, 53%, thought to be atypical due to a low level of dietary iodine in this country) [25] Toxic multinodular goiter [citation needed]
Graves disease develops in about 0.5% of males and 3.0% of females. [5] It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than in men. [1] Often, it starts between the ages of 40 and 60, but can begin at any age. [6] It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (about 50 to 80% of cases).
Reproductive symptoms in men may include reduced free testosterone (due to the elevation of testosterone-estrogen binding globulin level), [4] diminished libido, erectile dysfunction and (reversible) impaired sperm production with lower mean sperm density, a high incidence of sperm abnormalities, and reduced mobility of the sperm cells. [4]
The high female predominance in thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with the X chromosome. It contains sex and immune-related genes responsible for immune tolerance. [ 42 ] A higher incidence of thyroid autoimmunity was reported in patients with a higher rate of X-chromosome monosomy in peripheral white blood cells.
Thyrotoxic myopathy (TM) is a neuromuscular disorder that develops due to the overproduction of the thyroid hormone thyroxine.Also known as hyperthyroid myopathy, TM is one of many myopathies that lead to muscle weakness and muscle tissue breakdown.
Conversely, “with too much testosterone, women often have acne, too much hair on the body, hair loss on the head, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, skipped cycles, or problems ...
TSH levels are determined by a classic negative feedback system in which high levels of T3 and T4 suppress the production of TSH, and low levels of T3 and T4 increase the production of TSH. TSH levels are thus often used by doctors as a screening test, where the first approach is to determine whether TSH is elevated, suppressed, or normal. [25]
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis affects more women than men and often follows a viral upper respiratory tract infection with many implicated viruses including Coxsackievirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and recently SARS-CoV-2 among others. [2] [3] [8]