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The Book of Daniel is a 2nd century BC biblical apocalypse with a 6th century BC setting. [1] Ostensibly "an account of the activities and visions of Daniel, a noble Jew exiled at Babylon", [2] the text features a prophecy rooted in Jewish history, as well as a portrayal of the end times that is both cosmic in scope and political in its focus. [1]
Daniel is the only book in the Hebrew Bible which gives names to angels. Gabriel may have received his because he "has the appearance of a man" (Hebrew gaber ); he appears here as a messenger and interpreter of God's message, the same role he was later given by the author of Luke 's annunciation scene ( Luke 1:19 , 26 ). [ 30 ]
Some continued to defend its use in universal history in the early 18th century. [citation needed] There are references in classical literature and arts that apparently predate the use of the succession of kingdoms in the Book of Daniel. [6] One appears in Aemilius Sura, [7] an author quoted by Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BC – c. AD 31).
Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in the Book of Daniel make up Daniel's final vision, describing a series of conflicts between the unnamed "King of the North" and "King of the South" leading to the "time of the end", when Israel will be vindicated and the dead raised, some to everlasting life and some to shame and everlasting contempt.
While the best known Daniel is the hero of the Book of Daniel who interprets dreams and receives apocalyptic visions, the Bible also briefly mentions three other individuals of this name: The Book of Ezekiel (14:14, 14:20 and 28:3) refers to a legendary Daniel famed for wisdom and righteousness.
The Book of Daniel is preserved in the 12-chapter Masoretic Text and in two longer Greek versions: the original Septuagint version, c. 100 BCE, and the later Theodotion version from c. 2nd century CE. Both Greek texts contain the three additions to Daniel. The Masoretic text does not.
The Book of Daniel is "a composite text of dubious historicity from various genres", [4] and Daniel himself is a legendary figure. [5] The book of which he is the hero divides into two parts, a set of tales in chapters 1–6 from no earlier than the Hellenistic period (323–30 BCE), and the series of visions in chapters 7–12 from the ...
Daniel, the book's hero, is a representative apocalyptic seer, the recipient of the divine revelation: has learned the wisdom of the Babylonian magicians and surpassed them, because his God is the true source of knowledge. Daniel is one of the maskilim, the wise, whose task is to teach righteousness. [15]