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The Mauryan Emperor was the monarchical head of state and wielded absolute rule over the empire. Chandragupta's chief minister Chanakya , sometimes called Kautilya , advised Chandragupta Maurya and contributed to the empire's legacy. [ 4 ]
The population of South Asia during the Mauryan period has been estimated to be between 15 and 30 million. [11] The empire's period of dominion was marked by exceptional creativity in art, architecture, inscriptions and produced texts, [ 18 ] but also by the consolidation of caste in the Gangetic plain , and the declining rights of women in the ...
The stone tool artifacts in this assemblage have been identified as a part of the second inter-pluvial period in India. [11] Evidence for presence of Hominins with Acheulean technology 150,000–100,000 BCE in Tamil Nadu. [12] 74,000 – 30,000 BCE
The Arthashastra written by Chanakya and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls in the era of Northern Black Polished Ware. The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society in which the sale of merchandise was closely regulated by the government. [112]
During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). [60]
Post-Mauryan coinage refers to the period of coinage production in India following the breakup of the Maurya Empire (321–185 BCE). The centralized Mauryan power ended during a Coup d'état in 185 BCE leading to the foundation of the Shunga Empire. The vast and centralized Maurya Empire was broken into numerous new polities.
Terracotta arts executed during pre-Mauryan and Mauryan periods are further refined during Shunga periods and Chandraketugarh emerge as an important center for the terracotta arts of Shunga period. Mathura which has its basis in the pre-Mauryan period also emerges as an important center for Jain, Hindu and Buddhist art.
The period between the 4th and 6th centuries CE is known as the Golden Age of India because of the considerable achievements that were made in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, science, religion, and philosophy, during the Gupta Empire. [9] [10] The decimal numeral system, including the concept of zero, was invented in India during this ...