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Reserve army of labour is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy. [1] It refers to the unemployed and underemployed in capitalist society . It is synonymous with "industrial reserve army" or "relative surplus population", except that the unemployed can be defined as those actually looking for work and that the relative surplus ...
Benston was the first to argue that women formed a reserve army of labour, a group that could be manipulated in a certain way because women are responsible for the reproduction of labour power. [6]
In their article 'Woman and the Reserve Army of Labour: A Critique of Veronica Beechy', Floya Anthias raised questions around Beechey's 1977 article 'Some Notes on Female Wage Labour', while also recognising that it was "the most sophisticated and influential attempt to analyse women's wage labour by using or reconstituting the categories of ...
She argues that Marx's work on individual consumption, the value of labour-power and the industrial reserve army, provided a useful basis for further work on the issue of social reproduction. In contrast, Vogel finds Engels' work defective because of its utopianism and its reliance on a dual system theory of women's oppression vs. class oppression.
In Marx's finished theory of value, the "value" of a commodity turns out to be the social valuation of its average, current replacement cost in labour time (a synchronic economic reproduction cost) [56] but this particular labour requirement turns out to be quite a different quantity than either "labour embodied" in production (the actual ...
This economic-based theory of surplus population is often labeled as Marx's theory of the reserve army of labour. Ricardo developed a theory of distribution within capitalism—that is, a theory of how the output of society is distributed to classes within society.
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While Keynes viewed unemployment as limiting potential profit due to lack of demand, Marx viewed that the possibility of full employment encroaches on the potential gains of capitalists, hence the utilization of the reserve army of labor. [24]