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Antiretroviral drugs are medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarily HIV. Different classes of antiretroviral drugs act on different stages of the HIV life cycle. Combination of several (typically three or four) antiretroviral drugs is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [38]
List of Antiviral Drugs Antiviral Use Manufacturer Component Type Year approved Abacavir: HIV: ViiV Healthcare: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 ...
More severe side effects are hallucinations, sleeplessness and depression. [12] Recommended dosage for efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir is one tablet at or before bedtime. Side effects can be reduced if it is taken on an empty stomach. People with kidney or liver problems can take one tablet by mouth once a day.
Antiretroviral drugs are used to manage HIV/AIDS. Multiple antiretroviral drugs are often combined into a single pill in order to reduce pill burden. Some of these combinations are complete single-tablet regimens; the others must be combined with additional pills to make a treatment regimen.
[5] [6] It contains the antiretroviral medications emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil. [7] For treatment, it must be used in combination with other antiretroviral medications . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] For prevention before exposure , in those who are at high risk, it is recommended along with safer sex practices. [ 7 ]
The general idea behind modern antiviral drug design is to identify viral proteins, or parts of proteins, that can be disabled. [11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8]
Integrase inhibitors (INIs) are a class of antiretroviral drug designed to block the action of integrase, a viral enzyme that inserts the viral genome into the DNA of the host cell. Since integration is a vital step in retroviral replication, blocking it can halt further spread of the virus.
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headaches, feeling tired, and cough. [1] Serious side effects include liver disease, lactic acidosis, and worsening hepatitis B among those already infected. [1] It is safe for people over three months of age and can be used during pregnancy. [1] The medication can be taken with or without food. [1]