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Nuclear batteries can be classified by their means of energy conversion into two main groups: thermal converters and non-thermal converters. The thermal types convert some of the heat generated by the nuclear decay into electricity; an example is the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), often used in spacecraft.
Diagram of an RTG used on the Cassini probe. A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG), sometimes referred to as a radioisotope power system (RPS), is a type of nuclear battery that uses an array of thermocouples to convert the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material into electricity by the Seebeck effect.
Unlike traditional nuclear reactors, which generate heat and then convert it to electricity, betavoltaics offer non-thermal conversion. [ 11 ] A prototype betavoltaic battery announced in early 2024 by the Betavolt company of China contains a thin wafer providing a source of beta particle electrons (either Carbon-14 or nickel-63 ) sandwiched ...
An optoelectric nuclear battery [citation needed] (also radiophotovoltaic device, radioluminescent nuclear battery [1] or radioisotope photovoltaic generator [2]) is a type of nuclear battery in which nuclear energy is converted into light, which is then used to generate electrical energy.
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Diagram of a MMRTG. The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) is a type of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) developed for NASA space missions [1] such as the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Space and Defense Power Systems within the Office of Nuclear Energy.
Photon-intermediate direct energy conversion (PIDEC) is a scheme for direct conversion of nuclear power to electricity. PIDEC process is somewhat similar [citation needed] to a concept of fluorescent light - as in the CFL, in the nuclear reactor the original type of energy generated is not useful to humans. CFL uses a fluorescent coating on the ...
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