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Unreactive substances like powdered steel, glass fragments, and asbestos fibers react quickly with cold fluorine gas; wood and water spontaneously combust under a fluorine jet. [5] [23] Reactions of elemental fluorine with metals require varying conditions.
Reactions with elemental fluorine are often sudden or explosive. Many substances that are generally regarded as unreactive, such as powdered steel, glass fragments, and asbestos fibers, are readily consumed by cold fluorine gas. Wood and even water burn with flames when subjected to a jet of fluorine, without the need for a spark. [12] [13]
Fluorine-18 (18 F, also called radiofluorine) is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons. It has a mass of 18.0009380(6) u and its half-life is 109.771(20) minutes. It decays by positron emission 96.7% of the time and electron capture 3.3% of the time.
Fluoride (/ ˈ f l ʊər aɪ d, ˈ f l ɔːr-/) [3] is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F − (also written [F] −), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes, and are odorless.
The standard enthalpy of formation of rubidium fluoride is Δ f H 0 298 = −552.2 kJ mol−1, [7] the standard free enthalpy of formation ΔG 0 298 = −520.4 kJ mol−1, [7] and the standard molar entropy S 0 298 = 113.9 J K −1 ·mol−1. [7] The enthalpy of solution of rubidium fluoride was determined to be −24.28 kJ/mol. [8]
The compound readily decomposes into oxygen and fluorine. Even at a temperature of −160 °C (113 K), 4% decomposes each day [1] by this process: O 2 F 2 → O 2 + F 2. The other main property of this unstable compound is its oxidizing power, although most experimental reactions have been conducted near −100 °C (173 K). [10]
AgF 2 can be synthesized by fluorinating Ag 2 O with elemental fluorine. Also, at 200 °C (473 K) elemental fluorine will react with AgF or AgCl to produce AgF 2. [1] [2] As a strong fluorinating agent, AgF 2 should be stored in Teflon or a passivated metal container. It is light sensitive.
Fluorination with aminosulfuranes is a chemical reaction that transforms oxidized organic compounds into organofluorine compounds.Aminosulfuranes selectively exchange hydroxyl groups for fluorine, but are also capable of converting carbonyl groups, halides, silyl ethers, and other functionality into organofluorides.