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A winged scapula (scapula alata) is a skeletal medical condition in which the shoulder blade protrudes from a person's back in an abnormal position. In rare conditions it has the potential to lead to limited functional activity in the upper extremity to which it is adjacent. It can affect a person's ability to lift, pull, and push weighty objects.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name, FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face, those that position the scapula, and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
As of 2019, no disease-modifying pharmaceuticals are known. [3] Both strength and aerobic exercise have shown to be beneficial, [3] although strenuous and excessive exercise should be avoided. [1] Physical therapy can address contractures. [1] Orthopedic surgery address foot deformities, scoliosis, Achilles tendon contractures, and winged scapula.
There are several options of treatment when iatrogenic (i.e., caused by the surgeon) spinal accessory nerve damage is noted during surgery. For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to cautiously preserve branches of C2, C3, and C4 spinal nerves that provide supplemental innervation to the trapezius muscle. [3]
Serratus anterior muscle deficit is another cause of scapular winging and decreases the efficacy of an Eden–Lange procedure, but it can be overcome with a simultaneous pectoralis major transfer. [12] Muscular dystrophy often contraindicates tendon transfer, because the muscles transferred are either dystrophic or capable of becoming dystrophic.
Roughly 10 million cases of foodborne illness each year in the U.S. are caused by six pathogens — salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter, clostridium perfringens, shiga toxin ...
Dorsal scapular nerve syndrome can be caused by nerve compression syndrome.A winged scapula is the most common symptom. [7] Shoulder pain may occur. [7] It causes weakness in rhomboid major muscle, rhomboid minor muscle, and levator scapulae muscle. [7]
This then causes heart muscle and coronary artery dysfunction, resulting in severe heart failure and coronary artery disease. The condition is not entirely understood, and effective treatment ...