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Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution . Gregor Mendel , a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno , was the first to study genetics scientifically.
Fred Sherman (1932–2013), US geneticist, one of the "fathers" and mentors of modern yeast genetics; Ilham Shahmuradov (born 1958), specialist in eukarytic genomes; Pak Sham (20th–21st century), geneticist known for his work in psychiatric genomics; Larry Shapiro, US pediatric geneticist, lysosomal storage disorders, X chromosome inactivation
The history of genetics dates from the classical era with contributions by Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Epicurus, and others. Modern genetics began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel .
Topics of genetic history of "anatomically modern" humans (Homo sapiens) are under Category:Ancient human genetic history. Subcategories This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.
Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms, as well as the medical practice of diagnosing, treating, and counseling patients with genetic disorders. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals.
The discovery of DNA as the blueprint for life and breakthroughs in molecular genetics research came from the combined works of many scientists. In 1869, chemist Johann Friedrich Miescher, who was researching the composition of white blood cells, discovered and isolated a new molecule that he named nuclein from the cell nucleus, which would ultimately be the first discovery of the molecule DNA ...
1944: The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment isolates DNA as the genetic material (at that time called transforming principle). [24]1947: Salvador Luria discovers reactivation of irradiated phage, [25] stimulating numerous further studies of DNA repair processes in bacteriophage, [26] and other organisms, including humans.
The combination, in the 1930s and 1940s, of Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of natural selection resulted in the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology. [50] [51] In the Soviet Union and China, Mendelian genetics was rejected in favor of Lamarckism, leading to imprisonment and even execution of Mendelian geneticists (see Lysenkoism).