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Musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back. [ 1] MSDs can arise from a sudden exertion (e.g., lifting a heavy object), [ 2] or they can arise from making the same motions repeatedly ...
Osteoarthritis. The formation of hard knobs at the middle finger joints (known as Bouchard's nodes) and at the farthest joints of the fingers (known as Heberden's nodes) is a common feature of osteoarthritis in the hands. Osteoarthritis ( OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying ...
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry, [ 1] is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. This can include conditions such as spinal cord injuries, brain injuries, strokes, as well as pain or disability due to ...
Orthopedic pathology, also known as bone pathology is a subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and feature of many bone diseases, specifically studying the cause and effects of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. It uses gross and microscopic findings along with the findings of in vivo radiological studies, and ...
Gait abnormality is a deviation from normal walking ( gait ). Watching a patient walk is an important part of the neurological examination. Normal gait requires that many systems, including strength, sensation and coordination, function in an integrated fashion. Many common problems in the nervous system and musculoskeletal system will show up ...
Frequency. c. 12,000 annually in the United States [ 2] A spinal cord injury ( SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. It is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. [ 3] Symptoms of spinal cord injury may include loss of ...
Physical disability. A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. [ 1] Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy [ 2] and sleep disorders .
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (alternative spelling orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. [1] Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma , spine diseases , sports injuries , degenerative diseases , infections, tumors , and ...