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Photoconductive polymer is a smart material based on conductive polymer, and the electrical conductivity can be controlled by the amount of radiation. The basic parameters of photoconductivity are the quantum efficiency of carrier generation( Υ {\displaystyle \Upsilon } ), the carrier mobility ( μ {\displaystyle \mu } ), electric field (E ...
For additional control two copper electrodes are placed above and below the particle. Optical tweezers (originally called single-beam gradient force trap) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to hold and move microscopic and sub-microscopic objects like atoms, nanoparticles and droplets, in a manner similar to tweezers.
Since traps can absorb differences in momentum between the carriers, SRH is the dominant recombination process in silicon and other indirect bandgap materials. However, trap-assisted recombination can also dominate in direct bandgap materials under conditions of very low carrier densities (very low level injection) or in materials with high ...
Mechanoluminescence is light emission resulting from any mechanical action on a solid. It can be produced through ultrasound, or through other means. ...
Beam blocks are simple optical elements that absorb a beam of light using a material with strong absorption and low reflectance. [1] Materials commonly used for beam blocks include certain types of acrylic paint, carbon nanotubes, anodized aluminum, and nickel-phosphate coatings.
Grid bias could also be achieved by using an applied grid voltage in addition to the control voltage. This could improve the engineer's control and fidelity of amplification. It allowed the construction of space charge tubes for car radios that required only 6 or 12 volts anode voltage (typical examples were the 6DR8/EBF83, 6GM8/ECC86, 6DS8 ...
An ion trap, used for precision measurements of radium ions, inside a vacuum chamber. View ports surrounding the chamber allow laser light to be directed into the trap. An ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a
The size of core materials and the thickness of shell can be controlled during synthesis. For example, in the synthesis of CdSe core nanocrystals, the volume of H 2 S gas can determine the size of core nanocrystals. As the volume of H 2 S increases, the size of the core decreases. [12]