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Heron's formula is a special case of Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral. Heron's formula and Brahmagupta's formula are both special cases of Bretschneider's formula for the area of a quadrilateral. Heron's formula can be obtained from Brahmagupta's formula or Bretschneider's formula by setting one of the sides of the ...
In geometry, a Heronian triangle (or Heron triangle) is a triangle whose side lengths a, b, and c and area A are all positive integers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Heronian triangles are named after Heron of Alexandria , based on their relation to Heron's formula which Heron demonstrated with the example triangle of sides 13, 14, 15 and area 84 .
The above formula is known as the shoelace formula or the surveyor's formula. If we locate the vertices in the complex plane and denote them in counterclockwise sequence as a = x A + y A i , b = x B + y B i , and c = x C + y C i , and denote their complex conjugates as a ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {a}}} , b ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {b}}} , and c ...
This formula generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. A triangle may be regarded as a quadrilateral with one side of length zero. From this perspective, as d (or any one side) approaches zero, a cyclic quadrilateral converges into a cyclic triangle (all triangles are cyclic), and Brahmagupta's formula simplifies to Heron's formula.
If also d = 0, the cyclic quadrilateral becomes a triangle and the formula is reduced to Heron's formula. The cyclic quadrilateral has maximal area among all quadrilaterals having the same side lengths (regardless of sequence). This is another corollary to Bretschneider's formula. It can also be proved using calculus. [12]
The area formula for a triangle can be proven by cutting two copies of the triangle into pieces and rearranging them into a rectangle. In the Euclidean plane, area is defined by comparison with a square of side length , which has area 1. There are several ways to calculate the area of an arbitrary triangle.
Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent [1] from 1200 BCE [2] until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Varāhamihira, and Madhava.
This formula is the same as Heron's formula, proved by Heron of Alexandria about 60 BCE, though knowledge of the formula may go back to Archimedes. As precipitation was important agriculture and food production, Qin developed precipitation gauges that was widely used in 1247 during the Mongol Empire / Southern Song dynasty to gather ...