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Test coverage refers to the percentage of software requirements that are tested by black-box testing for a system or application. [7] This is in contrast with code coverage , which examines the inner workings of a program and measures the degree to which the source code of a program is executed when a test suite is run. [ 8 ]
Statistical tests are used to test the fit between a hypothesis and the data. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Choosing the right statistical test is not a trivial task. [ 1 ] The choice of the test depends on many properties of the research question.
Orthogonal array testing works on the premise of selecting a subset of test cases from a large pool of potential inputs. This selection is based on statistical methods to ensure that the chosen subset represents the whole input space. As a result, serious bugs can be identified while the number of tests necessary to do so is greatly reduced.
A developed black box model is a validated model when black-box testing methods [10] ensures that it is, based solely on observable elements. With back testing, out of time data is always used when testing the black box model. Data has to be written down before it is pulled for black box inputs.
In the statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units that are similar to one another in groups (blocks) based on one or more variables. These variables are chosen carefully to minimize the effect of their variability on the observed outcomes.
A diagram describing the different methods for identifying systems. In the case of a "white box" we clearly see the structure of the system, and in a "black box" we know nothing about it except how it reacts to input. An intermediate state is a "gray box" state in which our knowledge of the system structure is incomplete.
On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight." [5] Because they do not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case, or leaves some parts of the program untested.
Exploratory testing is an approach to software testing that is concisely described as simultaneous learning, test design and test execution. Cem Kaner, who coined the term in 1984, [1] defines exploratory testing as "a style of software testing that emphasizes the personal freedom and responsibility of the individual tester to continually optimize the quality of his/her work by treating test ...