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Scientists measuring the mantle width of a large female giant squid of c. 2 m (6.6 ft) ML. Mantle length (ML) is the standard size measure for coleoid cephalopods (shell diameter being more common for nautiluses) and is almost universally reported in the scientific literature.
Cephalopod eggs span a large range of sizes, from 1 to 30 mm in diameter. [129] The fertilised ovum initially divides to produce a disc of germinal cells at one pole, with the yolk remaining at the opposite pole.
Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether. Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects . The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and, consequently, of behavior.
An octopus (pl.: octopuses or octopodes [a]) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (/ ɒ k ˈ t ɒ p ə d ə /, ok-TOP-ə-də [3]).The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.
Nautiluses are much closer to the first cephalopods that appeared about 500 million years ago than the early modern cephalopods that appeared maybe 100 million years later (ammonoids and coleoids). They have a seemingly simple brain, not the large complex brains of octopus, cuttlefish and squid, and had long been assumed to lack intelligence ...
The hole was big enough that the octopus was able to fit its arm inside and taste the fish with its tentacles. But the hole was too small for the octopus to grab onto and remove the fish to eat it.
The Atlantic pygmy octopus (Octopus joubini), also known as the small-egg Caribbean pygmy octopus, is a small species of octopus in the order Octopoda.Fully grown, this cephalopod reaches a mantle length of 4.5 cm (1.8 inches) with arms up to 9 cm (3.5 inches) long. [2]
The lacuna-forming cells are characterized by contact to the basal lamina, but not reaching the apical rim of the associated epithelial cells and are located in the branchial heart epithelium. The shape varies widely and are occasionally more electron-dense than the epithelial cells, seen as a "diffused kidney" regulating ion concentrations. [38]