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There are two main standards for Malay pronunciation, the Johor-Riau standard which is derived from the influential Johor-Riau accent, used in Brunei and Malaysia, and the Baku (lit. 'standard' in Malay/Indonesian) standard which follows a "pronounce as spelt" approach to pronunciation, used in Indonesia and Singapore. [1]
In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between "Malay language" (bahasa Melayu) and "Indonesian" (bahasa Indonesia). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the unifying language of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term "Malay" in common parlance. [ 18 ]
Standard Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ) is a traditional writing system used by Sundanese people to write Sundanese language. It is built based on Old Sundanese script ( Aksara Sunda Kuno ) which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries.
Indonesian is the national language in Indonesia by Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, while "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) has been recognised as the ethnic languages of Malay in Indonesia alongside Malay-based trade and creole languages and other ethnic languages.
Malaysian Malay (Malay: Bahasa Melayu Malaysia) or Malaysian (Bahasa Malaysia) [7] – endonymically within Malaysia as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai) or simply Malay (Bahasa Melayu, abbreviated to BM) – is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Brunei Darussalam and Singapore (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as ...
Prof. Charles Adriaan van Ophuijsen [nl; id], who devised the orthography, was a Dutch linguist.He was a former inspector in a school at Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in the 1890s, before he became a professor of the Malay language at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
Manado Malay, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area.The local name of the language is bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, [2] after the main ethnic group speaking the language.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malay (Malaysian and Indonesian) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.