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A paper machine (or paper-making machine) is an industrial machine which is used in the pulp and paper industry to create paper in large quantities at high speed. Modern paper-making machines are based on the principles of the Fourdrinier Machine, which uses a moving woven mesh to create a continuous paper web by filtering out the fibres held ...
Papermaking is the manufacture of paper and cardboard, which are used widely for printing, writing, and packaging, among many other purposes. Today almost all paper is made using industrial machinery, while handmade paper survives as a specialized craft and a medium for artistic expression.
1896 Beloit Iron Works builds a new foundry, machine shops and offices on the-west side of Rock River near the original site of the Merrill plant. 1897 Shipped first off shore paper machine to Japan. 1900 Shipped two paper machines to China. 1900 Beloit builds cylinder machine to operate at 75 FPM and fourdrinier machines operating 400 to 500 FPM.
The word "paper" is etymologically derived from papyrus, Ancient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean societies for writing long before paper was used in China.
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, all paper in a paper mill was made by hand, one sheet at a time, by specialized laborers.
Smithsonian Institution – History Wired – Image of early prototype machine. View of oval vat where paper pulp was deposited before being transferred to a moving wire screen. ILAB LILA. Morris, Henry. Nicolas Louis Robert and his Endless Wire Papermaking Machine. With facsimiles of the inventor's original drawings of the first paper machine.
Large Fourdrinier-style paper-making machine. A row of heated drums dry out the paper, which enters the machine as wet pulp. Large rolls are usually sliced into a number of thin rolls, which can feed continuous presses (e.g. newspapers) or be cut into separate sheets. Sealy Fourdrinier (9 October 1773 – 1847) was an English paper-making ...
The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut "long-grain", i.e. with the grain parallel to the longer dimension of the sheet.