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Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.
Merriam-Webster defines a field in physics as "a region or space in which a given effect (such as magnetism) exists". [47] Other effects that manifest themselves as fields are gravitation and static electricity. [48] In 2008, physicist Richard Hammond wrote: Sometimes we distinguish between quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum field theory (QFT).
Quantum chemistry, also called molecular quantum mechanics, is a branch of physical chemistry focused on the application of quantum mechanics to chemical systems, particularly towards the quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic contributions to physical and chemical properties of molecules, materials, and solutions at the atomic level. [1]
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all that is usually thought of as fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields.
In the late 1920s, the then new quantum mechanics showed that the chemical bonds between atoms were examples of (quantum) electrical forces, justifying Dirac's boast that "the underlying physical laws necessary for the mathematical theory of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known".
Lenard effect (physics) Lense–Thirring effect (effects of gravitation) (tests of general relativity) Leveling effect (chemistry) Levels-of-processing effect (educational psychology) (psychology) (psychological theories) Liquid Sky (effect) (lasers) (stage lighting) Little–Parks effect (condensed matter physics) Lockin effect (physics)
Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table. A prominent example is an explanation for the color of gold : due to relativistic effects, it is not silvery like most other metals.
In chemistry and physics, the exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical constraint on the states of indistinguishable particles.While sometimes called an exchange force, or, in the case of fermions, Pauli repulsion, its consequences cannot always be predicted based on classical ideas of force. [1]