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Ethylene glycol may also be one of the minor ingredients in screen cleaning solutions, along with the main ingredient isopropyl alcohol. Ethylene glycol is commonly used as a preservative for biological specimens, especially in secondary schools during dissection as a safer alternative to formaldehyde. It is also used as part of the water-based ...
The most common source of ethylene glycol is automotive antifreeze or radiator coolant, where concentrations are high. [9] Other sources of ethylene glycol include windshield deicing agents, brake fluid, motor oil, developing solutions for hobby photographers, wood stains, solvents, and paints. [9]
Examples include ethane-1,2-diol or ethylene glycol HO−(CH 2) 2 −OH, a common ingredient of antifreeze products. Another example is propane-1,2-diol , or alpha propylene glycol, HO−CH 2 −CH(OH)−CH 3 , used in the food and medicine industry, as well as a relatively non-poisonous antifreeze product.
Sugar alcohols can be, and often are, produced from renewable resources.Particular feedstocks are starch, cellulose and hemicellulose; the main conversion technologies use H 2 as the reagent: hydrogenolysis, i.e. the cleavage of C−O single bonds, converting polymers to smaller molecules, and hydrogenation of C=O double bonds, converting sugars to sugar alcohols.
They find use as co-emulsifiers, emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and food industry. About 50% of fatty alcohols used commercially are of natural origin, the remainder being synthetic. [1] Fatty alcohol are converted to their ethoxylates by treatment with ethylene oxide: [6] RCH 2 OH + n C 2 H 4 O → RCH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2) n OH
The term "polyol" can have slightly different meanings depending on whether it is used in food science or polymer chemistry. Polyols containing two, three and four hydroxyl groups are diols , [ 1 ] triols , [ 2 ] and tetrols, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] respectively.
Methanol and ethylene glycol are more toxic than other simple alcohols. Their metabolism is affected by the presence of ethanol, which has a higher affinity for liver alcohol dehydrogenase . In this way, methanol will be excreted intact in urine.
The resulting product is two ethylene glycol molecules joined by an ether bond. [5] "Diethylene glycol is derived as a co-product with ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol. The industry generally operates to maximize MEG production. Ethylene glycol is by far the largest volume of the glycol products in a variety of applications.