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The suitable relationship that defines non-equilibrium thermodynamic state variables is as follows. When the system is in local equilibrium, non-equilibrium state variables are such that they can be measured locally with sufficient accuracy by the same techniques as are used to measure thermodynamic state variables, or by corresponding time and space derivatives, including fluxes of matter and ...
Much of the theory of classical non-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with the spatially continuous motion of fluids, but fluids can also move with spatial discontinuities. Helmholtz (1868) [26] wrote about how in a flowing fluid, there can arise a zero fluid pressure, which sees the fluid broken asunder. This arises from the momentum of ...
S. R. De Groot, P. Mazur (2011) Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Dover Books on Physics, ISBN 978-0486647418. Van Vliet, Carolyne M. (2008). Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 982. ISBN 978-981-270-477-1. Peliti, Luca (2011). Statistical Mechanics in a Nutshell. Princeton University ...
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Most systems found in nature are not in thermodynamic equilibrium because they are not in stationary states, and are continuously and discontinuously subject to flux of matter and energy to and from other systems.
Prigogine's theorem is a theorem of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, originally formulated by Ilya Prigogine.. The formulation of Prigogine's theorem is: In a stationary state, the production of entropy inside a thermodynamic system with constant external parameters is minimal and constant.
Thus the description of non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems is a field theory, more complicated than the theory of equilibrium thermodynamics. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a growing subject, not an established edifice. Example theories and modeling approaches include the GENERIC formalism for complex fluids, viscoelasticity, and soft ...
In general, during the actual course of a thermodynamic process, the system may pass through physical states which are not describable as thermodynamic states, because they are far from internal thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, however, considers processes in which the states of the system are close to thermodynamic ...
In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, GENERIC is an acronym for General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling. It is the general form of dynamic equation for a system with both reversible and irreversible dynamics (generated by energy and entropy, respectively). GENERIC formalism is the theory built around the GENERIC ...