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Some flu vaccines may also be potentially more effective than others in certain age groups. For example, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) preferentially recommended quadrivalent vaccines like high-dose flu vaccines, recombinant influenza vaccines, and adjuvanted flu vaccines to people of 65 or above. [17]
The National Health Service in the United Kingdom provides flu vaccination to: people who are aged 65 or over; people who have certain long-term health conditions; people who are pregnant; people who live in a care home; people who are the main carer for an older or disabled person, or receive a carer's allowance
To produce viral vaccines, candidate vaccine viruses are grown in mammalian, avian or insect tissue culture of cells with a finite lifespan. [5] These cells are typically Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, [6] but others are also used including monkey cell lines pMK and Vero and human cell lines HEK 293, MRC 5, Per.C6, PMK, and WI-38. [7]
Adults 65 years of age and older can have a weaker immune response to flu vaccines, making them more likely to get sick with the flu or get flu complications even when vaccinated, according to the ...
Therefore, HA is responsible for binding influenza viruses to sialic acid on the surface of target cells, such as cells in the upper respiratory tract or erythrocytes, [3] resulting in the internalization of the virus. [4] Additionally, HA is responsible for the fusion of the viral envelope with the late endosomal membrane once exposed to low ...
A high-dose vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) four times the strength of standard flu vaccine was approved by the FDA in 2009. [22] [23] [24] This vaccine is intended for people 65 and over, who typically have weakened immune response due to normal aging. The vaccine produces a greater immune response than standard vaccine.
The number of people in the U.S. who have gotten their flu vaccine over the last few years hasn’t been great. CDC estimates show that about 47% of American adults got the flu vaccine during the ...
In November 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an experimental H5N1 bird flu vaccine to be held in stockpiles. [22] [23] In a clinical trial including 3,400 adults, 91% of people age 18–64 and 74% of people age 65 or older formed an immune response sufficient to provide protection. Reported adverse effects were ...
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