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At stall, the torque converter can produce maximum torque multiplication if sufficient input power is applied (the resulting multiplication is called the stall ratio). The stall phase actually lasts for a brief period when the load (e.g., vehicle) initially starts to move, as there will be a very large difference between pump and turbine speed.
Crawl ratio is a term used in the automotive world to describe the highest gear ratio that a vehicle is capable of. Note that gear ratio, also known as speed ratio, of a gear train is defined as the ratio of the angular velocity of the input gear to the angular velocity of the output gear, and thus a higher gear ratio implies a larger speed reduction, i.e. the input speed is reduced more at ...
The 5L40E unit's centerpiece is an automatic overdrive which supersedes the French-made 4L30E four-speed automatic light-duty gearboxes, and like them features a torque converter clutch to eliminate slipping losses in select forward ranges. It is assembled in Strasbourg, France. The 5L40/50 series was replaced in 2007 with the 6L50 six-speed.
The basis of the Turboglide's unique abilities was its five-element torque converter.Most automatic transmissions have a three-element torque converter, consisting of an impeller (an engine-driven pump); a turbine that rotates with the flywheel; a transmission-driven turbine that receives the energy of the oil propelled by the impeller, and a stator that redirects the recirculating oil so that ...
Automatic electro-pneumatic clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the Volkswagen Beetle and Volkswagen Karmann Ghia. [76] 1971–1980: Citroën C-matic: Automatic clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the Citroën GS and Citroën CX. Originally called Convertisseur in GS models. 1991–1993: Ferrari Valeo: Automatic electro-mechanical clutch.
Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters. [1] The formula for effective torque to the wheels is: [2] Tw = Te * N tf * η ...
Gear inches is one way of measuring the gear ratio(s) of a bicycle, so that different gears and different bicycles can be compared in a consistent manner. Gear inches is an imperial measure corresponding to the diameter in inches of the drive wheel of a penny-farthing bicycle with equivalent ( direct-drive ) gearing.
Depending on the gear ratio of the bicycle, a (torque, angular speed) input pair is converted to a (torque, angular speed) output pair. By using a larger rear gear, or by switching to a lower gear in multi-speed bicycles, angular speed of the road wheels is decreased while the torque is increased, product of which (i.e. power) does not change.