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Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; [1] Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn; born c. 428–423 BC, died 348 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
Plato's conception of Forms actually differs from dialogue to dialogue, and in certain respects it is never fully explained, so many aspects of the theory are open to interpretation. Forms are first introduced in the Phaedo , but in that dialogue the concept is simply referred to as something the participants are already familiar with, and the ...
[21] [citation needed] Cicero's dialogue imitates Plato's style and treats many of the same topics, and Cicero's main character Scipio Aemilianus expresses his esteem for Plato and Socrates. Augustine of Hippo wrote his The City of God ; Augustine equally described a model of the "ideal city", in his case the eternal Jerusalem , using a ...
Plato's student Aristotle disagreed with his tutor. Aristotle transformed Plato's forms into " formal causes ", the blueprints or essences of individual things. Whereas Plato idealized geometry , Aristotle emphasized nature and related disciplines and therefore much of his thinking concerns living beings and their properties.
In Plato's dialogues, the soul plays many disparate roles. Among other things, Plato believes that the soul is what gives life to the body (which was articulated most of all in the Laws and Phaedrus ) in terms of self-motion: to be alive is to be capable of moving oneself; the soul is a self-mover.
Name Date Content Institution Papyrus 2993 : 300 BC-200 BC: Sophist 223-224: Digitised Manuscripts, British Library P.Oxy.XXXIII 2662 : 100 BC-100 AD: Meno 92E-93B: Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford
Cratylus (/ ˈ k r æ t ɪ l ə s / KRAT-il-əs; Ancient Greek: Κρατύλος, Kratylos) is the name of a dialogue by Plato.Most modern scholars agree that it was written mostly during Plato's so-called middle period. [1]
Full-blooded Platonism is a modern variation of Platonism, which is in reaction to the fact that different sets of mathematical entities can be proven to exist depending on the axioms and inference rules employed (for instance, the law of the excluded middle, and the axiom of choice). It holds that all mathematical entities exist.