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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
An account of the overseas voyage to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem and other places of the Holy Land. [182] Richard Hakluyt. Richard Hakluyt (1553–1616), an English author, editor and translator. Recognizing his contributions, the Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846, printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels.
Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31739-8. Omran, Mahmud Said (1985). "King Amalric and the Siege of Alexandria, 1167". In Peter W. Edbury (ed.). Crusade and Settlement. Papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R. C ...
The Great Turkish War, also known as The Fourteenth Crusade [203] was a crusade undertaken by the Holy League of Pope Innocent XI [204] against the Ottoman Empire which met with an unprecedented Crusader success leading to the recovery of most of Hungary, Transylvania, Podolia and Morea to Christian rule and the beginning of the decline of the ...
These were acts that existed before the crusading movement, but they became increasingly popular in association. They may have formed part of other forms of regular religious devotion. In 1099 Jerusalem was known as "the remotest place", but these practices made crusading tangible. [52]
This chronology presents the timeline of the Crusades from the beginning of the First Crusade in 1095 to the fall of Jerusalem in 1187. This is keyed towards the major events of the Crusades to the Holy Land, but also includes those of the Reconquista and Northern Crusades as well as the Byzantine-Seljuk wars. [1]
After the truce that ended the Sixth Crusade, a further military action known as the Barons' Crusade was launched by Theobald I of Navarre and Richard of Cornwall, returning the Kingdom of Jerusalem to its largest extent since 1187. [221] 1234. 7 April. Theobald I of Navarre becomes king. [222] 17 November.