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Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na +
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water , but less salty than brine .
Salinity in rivers, lakes, and the ocean is conceptually simple, but technically challenging to define and measure precisely. Conceptually the salinity is the quantity of dissolved salt content of the water. Salts are compounds like sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate which dissolve into ions. The ...
The most important sodium compounds are table salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na 2 CO 3), baking soda (NaHCO 3), caustic soda (NaOH), sodium nitrate (NaNO 3), di- and tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O), and borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O). [24] In compounds, sodium is usually ionically bonded to water and anions and is ...
From cold solutions, salt crystallises as the dihydrate NaCl·2H 2 O. Solutions of sodium chloride have very different properties from those of pure water; the freezing point is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31 wt% of salt, and the boiling point of saturated salt solution is around 108.7 °C (227.7 °F).
Humans have processed common salt (sodium chloride) for over 8000 years, using it first as a food seasoning and preservative, and now also in manufacturing, agriculture, water conditioning, for de-icing roads, and many other uses. [83] Many salts are so widely used in society that they go by common names unrelated to their chemical identity.
Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na +) and iodide anions (I −) in a crystal lattice. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry.
The nutritional value of sea salt and table salt are about the same as they are both primarily sodium chloride. [15] [16] Table salt is more processed than sea salt to eliminate minerals and usually contains an additive such as silicon dioxide to prevent clumping. [15]